And how does a WL happen to put upward of $50k of undeclared and non tax paid cash into bank accounts to transfer it overseas? That is the crux of the problem?
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Legitimate means .. implies visibility.. there are less legitimate and straightforward means to transfer large even 6 zero sums in/out of country.. zero visibility - works like FLOO POWDER
What you do in country less straightforward if the amounts are regular and large to very large.
AND risky AF to take undeclared 10k AUD or more out of or into a country .. YES unlimited declared amounts can be carried - however defeats the cash incentive
Get caught and can be MAX penalty of 2 yrs and $182,000
So yes risky AF to regularly take 20k in your carry on
Where there’s a will there’s a way. Crypto is one way they can do it but they’d have to buy it off-exchange using cash which is going to be high risk.
Another way is using illegal money transfer “agencies”. The agency would have cash on both sides of the transfer. The person transferring the cash would deposit their $50k cash here with the agency. At the same time the person’s friend or family can withdraw $50k less the agency fee in Japan.
EDIT:
Forgot to mention the oldest trick in the book. They just hit the pokies. Load up a machine with cash, slap a few times, then cash out. Now you have a legit cheque or transfer from a gaming operator for your “winnings”.
In the big Sandboxes, it's known as Hawala, age old.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawala